Engraving Fabric with a Laser Cutting Machine

The key to laser engraving fabric is using a combination of high speed and low power settings. Because of this combination, fabric does not need to be masked when engraving.

The darkness and depth of the engraving can be changed by adjusting the speed and power settings in your laser interface. Because of how the speed and power work together, adjusting one setting up and another down can result in the same effect. For instance, 900 speed/1 power and 1000 speed/3 power may have similar results.

When laser engraving fabric, it is good to have magnets or another item to hold down your fabric. Doing so keeps the edges down and prevents shifting caused by the fan inside the laser cutter. We used a set of ceramic magnets to accomplish this.

Most natural and synthetic fabrics can be laser engraved. However, some work better than others. Before you begin engraving, you should consider: 

1. What material is your fabric?
2. How thick is your fabric?
3. What color is your fabric? 

If you are planning on engraving an item that is premade or purchased like this fleece blanket, it may be a good idea to test your engraving settings by making a few swatches on similar fabric.

It is always important to check the fiber content of your fabric, and to know whether it has been treated with chemicals that make the fabric unsafe to use with a laser.

Fabrics such as faux leather contain Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and should never be cut with a laser. Doing so will produce toxic fumes and can corrode your laser cutting machine. In a similar manner, it is best to be cautious with flame-retardant fabrics as some chemicals used in the fire-proofing process will emit toxic fumes when vaporized by a laser. 

The thickness of a fabric generally determines how deep the engraving can be before compromising the integrity of the fabric. Some thicker fabrics (such as plush, Minky, or corduroy) are ideal for creating an embossed effect by engraving deeper. Other fabrics (like satin lining material or quilter’s cotton) work best with a very shallow engraving so that the laser does not accidentally cut through the fabric. 

If a fabric is dyed after being woven, the color revealed after engraving will be the lighter color of the undyed fiber. When engraving on a thinner material, darker colored fabrics work best as the contrast shows up well.

On very light-colored fabrics, if you use slower speed or higher power, the fibers will char slightly to leave a golden-brown color. This may create a desired look, but it is not recommended for use on items of clothing that get a lot of use as this effect will wash out with water. For items that won’t be washed, use a protectant spray for longer wear.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 10

LPI: 270

There’s no need to mask the fabric.

Nothing needs to be placed inside the pouch

Iron the canvas before engraving to ensure that it is flat.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 5

LPI: 225

Ther’s no need to mask the fabric.

Iron the denim before engraving to ensure that it is flat.

Darker denim, like the jacket pictured, works better than light.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 5

LPI: 225

There’s no need to mask fabric.

Lay the fabric in the laser cutting bed as flat as possible, keeping anything that will obstruct the laser head toward the front of the machine.

We used a pre-made Elephant Baby Soother for this project.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 6

LPI: 225

There’s no need to mask the fabric.

Lay the fabric in the laser cutting bed as flat as possible.

This image shows the bottom sample before the fabric was washed and the top sample after it was washed.

Speed: 1000

Power: 5

LPI: 225

There’s no need to mask the fabric.

Lay the fabric in the laser cutting bed as flat as possible.

We used this pink fleece baby blanket from Amazon.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 1 or 2

LPI: 225

There’s no need to mask the fabric.

Lay the fabric in the laser cutting bed as flat as possible.

This image shows the bottom sample before the fabric was washed and the top sample after it was washed.

SETTINGS:

Speed: 1000

Power: 1

LPI: 225

There’s no need to mask the fabric

Lay the fabric in the laser cutting bed as flat as possible.

This image shows how laser engraving does compromise the integrity of the fabric, as the engraved areas are now sheer.

Make a small shape to test the engraving – a simple square or circle will suffice. For our swatches we used our Simply Strawberries Accent design (CGC2153), shrunk to about 1.5” tall so that we could test more fine detail. 

Copy and paste the design several times, close enough together that comparing the various settings will be easy. Depending on your laser cutter interface software, you may need to paste the design as a separate step or on a separate layer so that you can adjust the engraving settings individually rather than as a group

Make the first setting 1000 speed/1 power, then adjust the speed or power on the subsequent designs. If you desire a deeper or darker engrave, either adjust to a slower speed or a higher power setting. 

Remember to take a screenshot or make note of which settings are for which swatch before you remove your fabric from the laser cutting bed. 

If your engraved item is going to be on something like a blanket or item of clothing that will see a lot of use, it is always a good idea to put your test swatch through the laundry to see how the engraving looks after being washed. 

If you're laser engraving fabric with a Glowforge Aura, settings will vary when compared to the Glowforge Pro or similar devices. Just look at the difference small increases in power can make! The speed remained the same four all four tests as shown in our photo. 

If laser engraving a fabric object with shiney surfaces, use masking tape or painters tape to help the laser focus on the area you will be engraving. When making our zipper pouch, we covered up the faux leather since it is more reflective of light. The tray within the Glowforge Aura also had to be removed.